Deductive reasoning, sometimes called deductive logic, is reasoning Reasoning is the cognitive process of looking for reasons, beliefs, conclusions, actions or feelings which constructs or evaluates deductive arguments In logic, an argument is a set of one or more meaningful declarative sentences known as the premises along with another meaningful declarative sentence (or "proposition") known as the conclusion. A deductive argument asserts that the truth of the conclusion is a logical consequence of the premises; an inductive argument asserts that the. In logic Logic, from the Greek λογικός is the study of reasoning. Logic is used in most intellectual activity, but is studied primarily in the disciplines of philosophy, mathematics, and computer science. Logic examines general forms which arguments may take, which forms are valid, and which are fallacies. It is one kind of critical thinking. In, an argument is said to be deductive when the truth of the conclusion is purported to necessarily follow from or be a logical consequence Logical consequence is a fundamental concept in logic. It is the relation that holds between a set of sentences and a sentence (proposition) when the former "entails" the latter. For example, 'Kermit is green' is said to be a logical consequence of 'All frogs are green' and 'Kermit is a frog', because it would be "self-contradictory& of the truth of the premises In this example, the first two independent clauses preceding the comma are the premises, while "Socrates is mortal" is the conclusion and (consequently) its corresponding conditional is a necessary truth. Deductive arguments are said to be valid or invalid, never true or false. A deductive argument is valid if and only if In logic and related fields such as mathematics and philosophy, if and only if is a biconditional logical connective between statements. In that it is biconditional, the connective can be likened to the standard material conditional ("if") combined with its reverse ("only if"); hence the name. The result is that the truth of the truth of the conclusion actually does follow necessarily (or is indeed a logical consequence Logical consequence is a fundamental concept in logic. It is the relation that holds between a set of sentences and a sentence (proposition) when the former "entails" the latter. For example, 'Kermit is green' is said to be a logical consequence of 'All frogs are green' and 'Kermit is a frog', because it would be "self-contradictory& of) the premises and (consequently) its corresponding conditional is a necessary truth. If the conclusion is false, then at least one of the premises must be false. If a deductive argument is not valid then it is invalid. A valid deductive argument with true premises is said to be sound In mathematical logic, a logical system has the soundness property if and only if its inference rules prove only formulas that are valid with respect to its semantics. In most cases, this comes down to its rules having the property of preserving truth, but this is not the case in general. The word derives from the Germanic 'Sund' as in Gesundheit,; a deductive argument which is invalid or has one or more false premises or both is said to be not sound (unsound).
An example of a deductive argument and hence of deductive reasoning:
- All men are mortal
- Socrates Socrates was a Classical Greek philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, he is an enigmatic figure known only through the classical accounts of his students. Plato's dialogues are the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive from antiquity is a man
- (Therefore Logical consequence is a fundamental concept in logic. It is the relation that holds between a set of sentences and a sentence (proposition) when the former "entails" the latter. For example, 'Kermit is green' is said to be a logical consequence of 'All frogs are green' and 'Kermit is a frog', because it would be "self-contradictory&,) Socrates is mortal
Deductive reasoning is sometimes contrasted with inductive reasoning Inductive reasoning, also known as induction or inductive logic, is a type of reasoning that involves moving from a set of specific facts to a general conclusion. It can also be seen as a form of theory-building, in which specific facts are used to create a theory that explains relationships between the facts and allows prediction of future.
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Edmond Sun
From the crime scene to the crime lab, this exhibit encourages visitors to collect evidence, synthesize lab results and utilize deductive reasoning to ...